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PoE is a standards-based feature that delivers DC power supply over Ethernet cabling. Later sections review the configuration of DHCP services in CUCM and router IOS. DHCP can be provided by an existing DHCP server (because most deployments already have one), a local router, or even by CUCM itself (although this is not generally recommended for large deployments). DHCP is faster, easier, more scalable, and a widely accepted practice. DHCPĭHCP is a widely used IP standard that can provide the following information to IP phones:Īlthough it is possible to statically configure IP phones with all that information, it would be time-consuming and error-prone. The IP phone then tags the voice frames it is transmitting with that VLAN ID in the 802.1Q/P frame header. (You learned about CDP in your CCNA studies, so we do not detail it here.) Cisco IP phones generate CDP messages and use CDP to learn the voice VLAN ID from the Cisco switch to which they are connected. CDPĬDP is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol that provides network mapping information to directly connected Cisco devices. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones need an NTP reference (detailed later), but in the absence of one, they can get the time from the time stamp in the SIP OK response from the Subscriber server. (Alternatively, it can use its internal clock, which is not recommended because of its inaccuracy compared to NTP.) The Subscriber servers then sync their clocks to the Publisher, and the IP phones get their time from their subscribers via Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) messages. The CUCM Publisher is one such device during installation, CUCM asks for the IP address of an NTP server. Other devices in the corporate network then sync to the router. In a typical NTP implementation, a corporate router synchronizes its clock with an Internet time server (such as an atomic clock or a GPS clock).

Some functions and features can also be time (calendar) based, so time synchronization is important for those functions to operate properly. Comparing sequential events across multiple platforms is much simpler and easier to understand if the relative time is exactly the same on all those devices. Call detail records (CDRs) and call management records (CMRs) are time stamped, as are log files. There are many good reasons to use NTP beyond the convenience and consistency of having the same time on all devices. NTP is an IP standard that provides network-based time synchronization.

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The next section describes each of these services, how IP phones use them, and how to configure them in CUCM (or other systems as appropriate). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

In no particular order, they include the following: Special Functions and Services Used by IP PhonesĪ variety of standards-based and proprietary protocols and services support IP phones in CUCM. This section reviews these “hidden” processes and details some of the administrative tasks required to easily and reliably run IP phones in CUCM. The implementation of IP phones is remarkably simple, considering the myriad of services, protocols, and processes going on in the background to make the system work well. Foundation Topics Implementing IP Phones in CUCM